[SOLVED] Exception while configuring tiles in Struts 1

Got the following exception while configuring tiles with Struts 1.3.10.

INFO: Loading chain catalog from jar:file:/C:/work/eclipseworkspace/pas/1/.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.wst.server.core/tmp1/wtpwebapps/pas/WEB-INF/lib/struts-tiles-1.3.10.jar!/org/apache/struts/tiles/chain-config.xmlJun 13, 2014 10:55:12 PM org.apache.commons.digester.Digester errorSEVERE: Parse Error at line 8 column 77: Document root element "definition", must match DOCTYPE root "tiles-definitions".org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 8; columnNumber: 77; Document root element "definition", must match DOCTYPE root "tiles-definitions". at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.createSAXParseException(ErrorHandlerWrapper.java:198) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.error(ErrorHandlerWrapper.java:134) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java:437) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java:368) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java:325) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.dtd.XMLDTDValidator.rootElementSpecified(XMLDTDValidator.java:1599) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.dtd.XMLDTDValidator.handleStartElement(XMLDTDValidator.java:1877) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.dtd.XMLDTDValidator.startElement(XMLDTDValidator.java:742) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.scanStartElement(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java:376) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl$NSContentDriver.scanRootElementHook(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java:602) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl$FragmentContentDriver.next(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:3065) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl$PrologDriver.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:881) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:607) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java:116) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:489) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:835) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:764) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(XMLParser.java:123) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.parse(AbstractSAXParser.java:1210) at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.SAXParserImpl$JAXPSAXParser.parse(SAXParserImpl.java:568) at org.apache.commons.digester.Digester.parse(Digester.java:1765) at org.apache.struts.tiles.xmlDefinition.XmlParser.parse(XmlParser.java:281) at org.apache.struts.tiles.xmlDefinition.I18nFactorySet.parseXmlFile(I18nFactorySet.java:514) at org.apache.struts.tiles.xmlDefinition.I18nFactorySet.parseXmlFiles(I18nFactorySet.java:449) at org.apache.struts.tiles.xmlDefinition.I18nFactorySet.createDefaultFactory(I18nFactorySet.java:266) at org.apache.struts.tiles.xmlDefinition.I18nFactorySet.initFactory(I18nFactorySet.java:241) at org.apache.struts.tiles.xmlDefinition.I18nFactorySet.initFactory(I18nFactorySet.java:191) at org.apache.struts.tiles.definition.ComponentDefinitionsFactoryWrapper.init(ComponentDefinitionsFactoryWrapper.java:105) at org.apache.struts.tiles.TilesUtilImpl.createDefinitionsFactory(TilesUtilImpl.java:181) at org.apache.struts.tiles.TilesUtil.createDefinitionsFactory(TilesUtil.java:182) at org.apache.struts.tiles.TilesPlugin.initDefinitionsFactory(TilesPlugin.java:226) at org.apache.struts.tiles.TilesPlugin.init(TilesPlugin.java:141) at org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet.initModulePlugIns(ActionServlet.java:871) at org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet.init(ActionServlet.java:359) at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:160) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.initServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1280) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1193) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.load(StandardWrapper.java:1088) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.loadOnStartup(StandardContext.java:5198) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5481) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1559) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1549) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:334) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:166) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722)

The problem was : I did not enclose my 'definition' tag in my tiles-defs.xml with the , since i referred Struts Examples page (I'd call it a poor documentation, poor availability too, some pages are missing at this point of time).

Find below the correct tiles-defs.xml :

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE tiles-definitions PUBLIC

"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Tiles Configuration 1.3//EN"

"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/tiles-config_1_3.dtd">

<tiles-definitions> <!-- THIS TAG WAS MISSING -->

<definition name="default-template" path="/common/tiles/default-layout.jsp">

  <put name="header"  value="/common/Header.jsp" type="string" />

  <put name="menu" value="/common/Menu.jsp" type="page" />

  <!-- put name="body"   value="/index.jsp" type="page"  -->

</definition>

</tiles-definitions>